Automobile parts are an important component of a car, including the engine, chassis, body, electrical equipment, etc. The materials and surface treatment methods of these parts will directly or indirectly affect the performance and lifespan of the car.

I. Main materials for automotive parts

A- Metallic material Metallic materials are a widely used type of material in automotive parts. Among them, steel, cast iron, copper alloys, aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys are the main metallic materials for automotive parts. Steel has the advantages of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low cost, and thus is widely used in parts such as car bodies, panels, chassis and engines. Aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys have many advantages such as being light, having good corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. They are mainly used in car bodies, wheels, engines and other parts, which can reduce the self-weight of the car to a certain extent. Copper alloy materials, on the other hand, have excellent corrosion and wear resistance and are generally used to manufacture components such as radiators. B- Non-metallic materials Non-metallic materials mainly include plastics, rubber, ceramics, glass, fabrics, etc.

Plastic materials have the advantages of light weight, easy processing and low cost. ABS, PC, PP, PE and other commonly used plastic materials in daily life are mostly applied in automotive interior parts, instrument panels, electrical components, etc. They are not only lightweight but also can reduce the noise and vibration of automotive parts. In addition, there are some special high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant plastic materials that can be used in the production and processing of engine components such as oil discs and turbine blades. Rubber and plastic are both non-metallic materials that are widely used in automotive parts. Rubber materials have the advantages of high elasticity and wear resistance, good plasticity and heat insulation, good sealing performance, etc. Therefore, they can usually effectively reduce the vibration and noise of cars during driving. It is widely used in the manufacture of car tires, seals, car shock absorbers, etc. There are many types of glass used in cars. Common ones include the front windshield, side window glass, rearview mirror glass, etc. Glass has the advantages of strong visibility and a certain degree of hardness, which can provide a better visual environment for the people inside the vehicle. Even some special glasses with special functions can protect the safety of people inside the vehicle to a certain extent. For instance, glass with functions such as heat insulation, sound insulation and anti-squeezing is widely used in every corner of automobiles. Ceramics have the advantages of high hardness, good wear resistance and good chemical stability. It is mainly used in parts such as car engines and braking systems

Fabric materials have a small number of applications in automobiles, such as seats and door interior panels. The fabric material has good water resistance and softness, which can meet the needs of people sitting and leaning in the vehicle. In the CNC mechanical processing industry, the materials mainly used in automotive parts are stainless steel, aluminum and aluminum alloy materials, plastic materials, etc. And these materials often involve surface treatment of parts.

Now, follow the editor to take a look at the common surface treatment methods for auto parts processing.

Ii. Surface Treatment Methods for Automotive Parts A- Coating treatment Coating treatment is one of the common methods in the surface treatment of automotive parts. Coating treatment has the advantages of anti-corrosion, aesthetic appearance and improvement of surface hardness. During the coating process, the surface of the parts undergoes pretreatment first, including degreasing, rust removal, phosphating and other procedures, and then operations such as painting and coating are carried out. Common coating materials include silicon, tungsten, titanium, etc. B- Oxidation treatment Oxidation treatment is to form an oxide film on the surface of the target automotive parts through oxidation reactions, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance and aesthetic appeal of the parts. Oxidation reactions mainly include anodic oxidation and cathodic anodizing. C- Electroplating treatment Electroplating treatment is a method of forming a metal coating on the surface of metals. By means of anti-corrosion, anti-rust, beautification, hardness enhancement and other methods to improve the performance and quality of auto parts, the finished auto parts can have better wear resistance and electrical conductivity as well as a more exquisite appearance. During the electroplating process, the metal surface is first pre-treated, and then the electroplating reaction is carried out to obtain the required metal coating. Electroplating mainly includes chromium, nickel, zinc, etc. The specific electroplating method to be adopted can be customized according to the actual needs of the customer. D-shot peening treatment Shot peening is a method that uses high-speed gas flow to spray shot onto the surface of parts to form a strengthening layer. This method can improve the hardness and fatigue resistance of the part surface. During the shot peening process, the material of the shot and the spraying speed have a significant impact on the strengthening effect of the part surface

E-laser processing Laser processing is a method that uses high-energy laser beams to rapidly heat or cool the surface of parts. This method can improve the hardness, wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the surface of parts. During the laser processing, the power of the laser beam and the scanning speed have a significant impact on the processing effect of the part surface. F- Pickling treatment Pickling is a method that removes oxides and other impurities from the surface of auto parts by soaking and stirring hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphonic acid and other specific acids. G-plasma treatment Plasma surface treatment is widely used in many processes, such as the coating and pre-treatment before electroplating mentioned earlier.

In conclusion, the materials and surface treatment methods of automotive parts have a crucial impact on the performance and lifespan of automobiles. In the process of automobile manufacturing, appropriate materials and surface treatment methods should be selected based on the different application scenarios and performance requirements of the parts.